Doxygen/html/Examples_2DataRepresentation_2Mesh_2Mesh2_8cxx-example.html

/*=========================================================================

 *

 *  Copyright NumFOCUS

 *

 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at

 *

 *         https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt

 *

 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

 *  limitations under the License.

 *

 *=========================================================================*/


//  Software Guide : BeginLatex

//

//  A \doxygen{Mesh} can contain a variety of cell types. Typical cells are

//  the \doxygen{LineCell}, \doxygen{TriangleCell},

//  \doxygen{QuadrilateralCell}, \doxygen{TetrahedronCell}, and

//  \doxygen{PolygonCell}. Additional flexibility is provided for managing

//  cells at the price of a bit more of complexity than in the case of point

//  management.

//

//  The following code creates a polygonal line in order to illustrate the

//  simplest case of cell management in a mesh. The only cell type used here

//  is the \code{LineCell}. The header file of this class must be included.

//

//  \index{itk::LineCell!Header}

//

//  Software Guide : EndLatex


#include "itkMesh.h"


// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet

#include "itkLineCell.h"

// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


int

main(int, char *[])

{

  using PixelType = float;

  using MeshType = itk::Mesh<PixelType, 3>;


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex

  //

  //  For consistency with \code{Mesh}, cell types have to be configured

  //  with a number of custom types taken from the mesh traits. The set of

  //  traits relevant to cells are packaged by the Mesh class into the

  //  \code{CellType} trait. This trait needs to be passed to the actual cell

  //  types at the moment of their instantiation. The following line shows how

  //  to extract the Cell traits from the Mesh type.

  //

  //  \index{itk::Mesh!CellType}

  //  \index{itk::Mesh!traits}

  //

  //  Software Guide : EndLatex


  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet

  using CellType = MeshType::CellType;

  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex

  //

  //  The \code{LineCell} type can now be instantiated using the traits

  //  taken from the Mesh.

  //

  //  \index{itk::LineCell!Instantiation}

  //

  //  Software Guide : EndLatex


  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet

  using LineType = itk::LineCell<CellType>;

  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex

  //

  //  The main difference in the way cells and points are managed by

  //  the Mesh is that points are stored by copy on the

  //  \code{PointsContainer} while cells are stored as pointers in the

  //  \code{CellsContainer}.  The reason for using pointers is that cells

  //  use C++ polymorphism on the mesh. This means that the mesh is only

  //  aware of having pointers to a generic cell which is the base

  //  class of all the specific cell types. This architecture makes it

  //  possible to combine different cell types in the same

  //  mesh. Points, on the other hand, are of a single type and have a

  //  small memory footprint, which makes it efficient to copy them

  //  directly into the container.

  //

  //  \index{itk::Cell!CellAutoPointer}

  //  \index{itk::Mesh!CellAutoPointer}

  //  \index{CellAutoPointer}

  //  \index{itk::AutoPointer}

  //

  //  Managing cells by pointers adds another level of complexity to the Mesh

  //  since it is now necessary to establish a protocol to make clear who is

  //  responsible for allocating and releasing the cells' memory. This

  //  protocol is implemented in the form of a specific type of pointer called

  //  the \code{CellAutoPointer}. This pointer, based on the

  //  \doxygen{AutoPointer}, differs in many respects from the

  //  \code{SmartPointer}. The \code{CellAutoPointer} has an internal pointer

  //  to the actual object and a boolean flag that indicates whether the

  //  \code{CellAutoPointer} is responsible for releasing the cell memory when

  //  the time comes for its own destruction. It is said that a

  //  \code{CellAutoPointer} \emph{owns} the cell when it is responsible for

  //  its destruction. At any given time many \code{CellAutoPointer}s can

  //  point to the same cell, but only \textbf{one} \code{CellAutoPointer} can

  //  own the cell.

  //

  //  The \code{CellAutoPointer} trait is defined in the \code{MeshType} and

  //  can be extracted as follows.

  //

  //  Software Guide : EndLatex


  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet

  using CellAutoPointer = CellType::CellAutoPointer;

  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex

  //

  //  Note that the \code{CellAutoPointer} points to a generic cell type. It

  //  is not aware of the actual type of the cell, which could be (for

  //  example) a \code{LineCell}, \code{TriangleCell} or

  //  \code{TetrahedronCell}. This fact will influence the way in which we

  //  access cells later on.

  //

  //  At this point we can actually create a mesh and insert some points on

  //  it.

  //

  //  \index{itk::Mesh!New()}

  //  \index{itk::Mesh!SetPoint()}

  //  \index{itk::Mesh!PointType}

  //

  //  Software Guide : EndLatex


  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet

  auto mesh = MeshType::New();


  MeshType::PointType p0;

  MeshType::PointType p1;

  MeshType::PointType p2;


  p0[0] = -1.0;

  p0[1] = 0.0;

  p0[2] = 0.0;

  p1[0] = 1.0;

  p1[1] = 0.0;

  p1[2] = 0.0;

  p2[0] = 1.0;

  p2[1] = 1.0;

  p2[2] = 0.0;


  mesh->SetPoint(0, p0);

  mesh->SetPoint(1, p1);

  mesh->SetPoint(2, p2);

  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex

  //

  //  The following code creates two \code{CellAutoPointers} and initializes

  //  them with newly created cell objects. The actual cell type

  //  created in this case is \code{LineType}. Note that cells are

  //  created with the normal \code{new} C++ operator. The

  //  CellAutoPointer takes ownership of the received pointer by using

  //  the method \code{TakeOwnership()}. Even though this may seem

  //  verbose, it is necessary in order to make it explicit

  //  that the responsibility of memory release is assumed by the

  //  \code{AutoPointer}.

  //

  //  \index{itk::AutoPointer!TakeOwnership()}

  //  \index{CellAutoPointer!TakeOwnership()}

  //  \index{CellType!creation}

  //

  //  Software Guide : EndLatex


  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet

  CellAutoPointer line0;

  CellAutoPointer line1;


  line0.TakeOwnership(new LineType);

  line1.TakeOwnership(new LineType);

  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex

  //

  //  The LineCells should now be associated with points in the mesh. This is

  //  done using the identifiers assigned to points when they were inserted

  //  in the mesh. Every cell type has a specific number of points that must

  //  be associated with it.\footnote{Some cell types like polygons have a

  //  variable number of points associated with them.} For example, a

  //  \code{LineCell} requires two points, a \code{TriangleCell}

  //  requires three, and a \code{TetrahedronCell} requires four. Cells use

  //  an internal numbering system for points. It is simply an index in the

  //  range $\{0,NumberOfPoints-1\}$. The association of points and cells is

  //  done by the \code{SetPointId()} method, which requires the user to

  //  provide the internal index of the point in the cell and the

  //  corresponding \code{PointIdentifier} in the \code{Mesh}. The internal

  //  cell index is the first parameter of \code{SetPointId()} while the mesh

  //  point-identifier is the second.

  //

  //  Software Guide : EndLatex


  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet

  line0->SetPointId(0, 0); // line between points 0 and 1

  line0->SetPointId(1, 1);


  line1->SetPointId(0, 1); // line between points 1 and 2

  line1->SetPointId(1, 2);

  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex

  //

  //  Cells are inserted in the mesh using the \code{SetCell()} method. It

  //  requires an identifier and the AutoPointer to the cell. The Mesh will

  //  take ownership of the cell to which the \code{CellAutoPointer} is

  //  pointing. This is done internally by the \code{SetCell()} method. In

  //  this way, the destruction of the \code{CellAutoPointer} will not

  //  induce the destruction of the associated cell.

  //

  //  \index{itk::Mesh!SetCell()}

  //  \index{SetCell()!itk::Mesh}

  //  \index{itk::Mesh!Inserting cells}

  //

  //  Software Guide : EndLatex


  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet

  mesh->SetCell(0, line0);

  mesh->SetCell(1, line1);

  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex

  //

  //  After serving as an argument of the \code{SetCell()} method, a

  //  \code{CellAutoPointer} no longer holds ownership of the cell. It is

  //  important not to use this same \code{CellAutoPointer} again as

  //  argument to \code{SetCell()} without first securing ownership of

  //  another cell.

  //

  //  Software Guide : EndLatex


  std::cout << "Points = " << mesh->GetNumberOfPoints() << std::endl;


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex

  //

  //  The number of Cells currently inserted in the mesh can be queried with

  //  the \code{GetNumberOfCells()} method.

  //

  //  \index{itk::Mesh!GetNumberOfCells()}

  //

  //  Software Guide : EndLatex


  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet

  std::cout << "Cells  = " << mesh->GetNumberOfCells() << std::endl;

  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex

  //

  //  In a way analogous to points, cells can be accessed using Iterators to

  //  the \code{CellsContainer} in the mesh. The trait for the cell iterator

  //  can be extracted from the mesh and used to define a local type.

  //

  //  Software Guide : EndLatex


  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet

  using CellIterator = MeshType::CellsContainer::Iterator;

  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex

  //

  //  Then the iterators to the first and past-end cell in the mesh can be

  //  obtained respectively with the \code{Begin()} and \code{End()}

  //  methods of the \code{CellsContainer}. The \code{CellsContainer} of

  //  the mesh is returned by the \code{GetCells()} method.

  //

  //  \index{itk::Mesh!Iterating cells}

  //  \index{itk::Mesh!GetCells()}

  //  \index{CellsContainer!Begin()}

  //  \index{CellsContainer!End()}

  //

  //  Software Guide : EndLatex


  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet

  CellIterator       cellIterator = mesh->GetCells()->Begin();

  const CellIterator end = mesh->GetCells()->End();

  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  //  Software Guide : BeginLatex

  //

  //  Finally, a standard loop is used to iterate over all the cells. Note the

  //  use of the \code{Value()} method used to get the actual pointer to the

  //  cell from the CellIterator. Note also that the value returned is

  //  a pointer to the generic CellType. This pointer must be downcast

  //  in order to be used as actual LineCell types. Safe down-casting is

  //  performed with the \code{dynamic\_cast} operator, which will throw an

  //  exception if the conversion cannot be safely performed.

  //

  //  \index{down casting}

  //  \index{CellIterator!Value()}

  //  \index{CellIterator!increment}

  //  \index{itk::Mesh!CellType casting}

  //  \index{Print()}

  //  \index{CellType!Print()}

  //  \index{CellType!GetNumberOfPoints()}

  //  \index{LineCell!Print()}

  //  \index{LineCell!GetNumberOfPoints()}

  //

  //  Software Guide : EndLatex


  // Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet

  while (cellIterator != end)

  {

    MeshType::CellType * cellptr = cellIterator.Value();

    auto *               line = dynamic_cast<LineType *>(cellptr);

    if (line == nullptr)

    {

      continue;

    }

    std::cout << line->GetNumberOfPoints() << std::endl;

    ++cellIterator;

  }

  // Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet


  return EXIT_SUCCESS;

}