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| ==Issue==
| | {{CMake/Template/Moved}} |
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| On Mac there are several different cases of combinations of bundles, frameworks, and unix tools.
| | This page has moved [https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/community/wikis/doc/cmake/platform_dependent_issues/Bundles-And-Frameworks here]. |
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| The problem is that CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX is not enough. Also, when creating bundles and frameworks, auxilary files should be in the proper subdirectory structure.
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| ==Notation==
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| * In all examples, the applications are named appl1, appl2, ...
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| * libraries are named libr1, libr2, ...
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| * header files are named appl1_header1, appl2_header2, libr1_header1, ...
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| * there are auxilary files associated with application and library appl1_aux1, appl2_aux2, libr1_aux1, ...
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| * and some resource files associated with application and library appl1_res1, appl2_res2, libr1_res1, ...
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| * All versions are ver1, ver2, ...
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| * All libraries have lib in their name, while frameworks do not. To differentiate, all frameworks will have names FRlibr1, FRlibr2, ...
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| ==Cases==
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| ===Unix tools only===
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| * No issues (just like any other unix)
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| ===Bundle only===
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| * Everything in a same directory:
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| <pre>
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| /Applications/
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| appl1.app/
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| Contents/
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| Info.plist
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| MacOS/
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| appl1 -> appl1-1
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| appl1-1
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| appl1_aux1
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| appl1_aux2
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| Resources/
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| appl1_res1
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| appl1_res2
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| </pre>
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| * Suggested api:
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| <pre>
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| ADD_EXECUTABLE(
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| appl1
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| MACOSX_BUNDLE
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| appl1_src1.cxx
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| appl1_src2.cxx
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| ...
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| MACOSX_BUNDLE_CONTENT
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| apple1_aux1
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| apple1_aux2
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| apple1_res1
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| apple1_res2
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| )
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| SET_SOURCE_FILES_PROPERTIES(
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| apple1_aux1
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| apple1_aux2
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| PROPERTIES
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| MACOSX_BUNDLE_LOCATION MacOSX
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| )
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| SET_SOURCE_FILES_PROPERTIES(
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| apple1_res1
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| apple1_res2
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| PROPERTIES
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| MACOSX_BUNDLE_LOCATION Resources
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| )
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| </pre>
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| Comment: (submitted by david.cole)
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| I like the suggested api. One thing to keep in mind, however, is that some of the file system entities Mac programmers perceive as files are actually bundles themselves... For example, the resource files produced by Interface Builder (the *.nib "files") are actually bundles/directories themselves. As a Mac programmer, I think of the *.nib "file" as just another source file... In reality it's a directory with contents, which is supposed to be recursively copied into the correct location of the target bundle at build time. I would expect to be able to add either ''a file or a directory'' as a MACOSX_BUNDLE_CONTENT element in the ADD_EXECUTABLE/ADD_LIBRARY commands. If it's a file it gets copied into the target bundle at the specified location. If it's a directory, same thing, but recursively. This is '''mandatory''' in my opinion because Apple could decide to add, remove or completely reorganize elements within the *.nib file format with their next version of Xcode. I definitely don't want to mirror the hierarchical structure of a *.nib file in my CMakeLists.txt files. I also definitely don't want to be forced into using FILE(GLOB_RECURSE ...) in order to do things on a file by file basis. As a Mac programmer, I don't necessarily know whether one of these things is a file or directory - I can't tell CMake what I don't know, so CMake should definitely be able to handle either. CMake needs to support copying directories verbatim as bundle elements to make this feature worthwhile.
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| Maybe this concept could be generalized to "any file/directory that needs to be copied from source or binary tree into a location relative to the build exe/dll/lib" on '''any platform'''. Perhaps naming the features AUXILIARY_CONTENT_FILE and AUXILIARY_CONTENT_LOCATION would be more useful. I could see wanting to have different configuration files copied to where the exe is as part of the build step on Windows or Linux also. It's sort of an easier way of guaranteeing that a file is part of the build tree. Rather than explicit CONFIGURE_FILE or cmake -E copy/copy_directory commands, you could just add a source file as an AUXILIARY_CONTENT_FILE and cmake would make sure it gets copied/configured at build time.
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| ===Framework only===
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| * Everything in a same directory:
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| <pre>
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| /Library/
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| Frameworks/
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| FRlibr1.framework/
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| FRlibr1 -> Versions/Current/FRlibr1
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| Resources -> Versions/Current/Resources
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| Libraries -> Versions/Current/Libraries
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| Headers -> Versions/Current/Headers
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| Versions/
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| Current -> ver2
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| ver2/
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| FRlibr1
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| Resources/
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| Info.plist
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| version.plist
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| Libraries/
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| libr2.dylib
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| libr3.dylib
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| Headers/
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| FRlibr1_header1.h
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| FRlibr1_header2.h
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| FRlibr1_header3.h
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| </pre>
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| * Suggested api:
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| <pre>
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| ADD_LIBRARY(
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| FRlibr1
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| SHARED MACOSX_FRAMEWORK
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| appl1_src1.cxx
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| appl1_src2.cxx
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| FRlibr1_header4.h
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| FRlibr1_header5.h
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| FRlibr1_header6.h
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| ...
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| MACOSX_FRAMEWORK_HEADERS
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| FRlibr1_header1.h
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| FRlibr1_header2.h
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| FRlibr1_header3.h
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| )
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| TARGET_LINL_LIBRARIES(
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| FRlibr1
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| libr2 libr3)
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| </pre>
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| ===Bundle + Framework===
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| * Bundle stuff in one directory, framework stuff in another one
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| <pre>
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| /Applications/
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| appl1.app/
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| Contents/
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| Info.plist
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| MacOS/
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| appl1 -> appl1-ver1
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| appl1-ver2
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| appl1_aux1
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| appl1_aux2
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| Resources/
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| appl1_res1
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| appl1_res2
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| /Library/
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| Frameworks/
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| FRlibr1.framework/
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| FRlibr1 -> Versions/Current/FRlibr1
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| Resources -> Versions/Current/Resources
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| Libraries -> Versions/Current/Libraries
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| Headers -> Versions/Current/Headers
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| Versions/
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| Current -> ver2
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| ver2/
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| FRlibr1
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| Resources/
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| Info.plist
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| Version.plist
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| Libraries/
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| libr2.dylib
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| libr3.dylib
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| Headers/
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| FRlibr1_header1.h
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| FRlibr1_header2.h
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| FRlibr1_header3.h
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| </pre>
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| ===Bundle + Unix tools===
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| * Bundle stuff in one directory, unix tools in typical unix location
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| <pre>
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| /Applications/
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| appl1.app/
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| Contents/
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| Info.plist
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| MacOS/
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| appl1 -> appl1-ver1
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| appl1-ver2
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| appl1_aux1
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| appl1_aux2
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| Resources/
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| appl1_res1
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| appl1_res2
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| /usr/
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| bin/
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| appl2
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| share/
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| appl2-version/
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| appl2_aux1
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| appl2_aux2
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| </pre>
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| ===Framework + Unix tools===
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| * Framework stuff in one directory, unix tools in typical unix location
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| <pre>
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| /Library/
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| Frameworks/
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| FRlibr1.framework/
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| FRlibr1 -> Versions/Current/FRlibr1
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| Resources -> Versions/Current/Resources
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| Libraries -> Versions/Current/Libraries
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| Headers -> Versions/Current/Headers
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| Commands -> Versions/Current/Commands
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| Versions/
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| Current -> ver2
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| ver2/
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| FRlibr1
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| Resources/
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| Info.plist
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| version.plist
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| Libraries/
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| libr2.dylib
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| libr3.dylib
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| Headers/
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| FRlibr1_header1.h
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| FRlibr1_header2.h
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| FRlibr1_header3.h
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| Commands/
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| appl2
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| bin/
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| appl3
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| /usr/
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| bin/
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| appl1
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| appl2 -> /Library/Frameworks/FRlibr1.framework/Commands/appl2
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| appl3 -> /Library/Frameworks/FRlibr1.framework/Version/ver1/bin/appl3
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| share/
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| appl1-version/
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| appl1_aux1
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| appl1_aux2
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| </pre>
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| ===Bundle + Framework + Unix tools===
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| * Framework stuff in one directory, unix tools in typical unix location
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| <pre>
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| /Applications/
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| appl1.app/
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| Contents/
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| Info.plist
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| MacOS/
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| appl1 -> appl1-ver1
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| appl1-ver2
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| appl1_aux1
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| appl1_aux2
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| Resources/
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| appl1_res1
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| appl1_res2
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| /Library/
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| Frameworks/
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| FRlibr1.framework/
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| FRlibr1 -> Versions/Current/FRlibr1
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| Resources -> Versions/Current/Resources
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| Libraries -> Versions/Current/Libraries
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| Headers -> Versions/Current/Headers
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| Commands -> Versions/Current/Commands
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| Versions/
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| Current -> ver2
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| ver2/
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| FRlibr1
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| Resources/
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| Info.plist
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| version.plist
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| Libraries/
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| libr2.dylib
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| libr3.dylib
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| Headers/
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| FRlibr1_header1.h
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| FRlibr1_header2.h
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| FRlibr1_header3.h
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| Commands/
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| appl2
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| bin/
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| appl3
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| /usr/
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| bin/
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| appl1
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| appl2 -> /Library/Frameworks/FRlibr1.framework/Commands/appl2
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| appl3 -> /Library/Frameworks/FRlibr1.framework/Version/ver1/bin/appl3
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| share/
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| appl1-version/
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| appl1_aux1
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| appl1_aux2
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| </pre>
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| ==Linking Issues==
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| ===Link a Framework===
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| Assuming:
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| <pre>
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| /usr/
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| lib/
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| libr3.dylib
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| /Library/
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| Frameworks/
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| FRlibr1.framework/
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| FRlibr1 -> Versions/Current/FRlibr1
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| Resources -> Versions/Current/Resources
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| Libraries -> Versions/Current/Libraries
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| Headers -> Versions/Current/Headers
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| Versions/
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| Current -> ver2
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| ver2/
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| FRlibr1
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| Resources/
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| Libraries/
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| libr2.dylib
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| Headers/
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| </pre>
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| Regular library is linked like this:
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| libtool -dynamic libr3_src1.o libr3_src2.o -o libr3.dylib
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| Framework is linked like this:
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| mkdir -p FRlibr1.framework/Versions/ver2
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| gcc -dynamiclib -o FRlibr1.framework/Versions/ver2/FRlibr1 FRlibr1_src1.o FRlibr1_src2.o
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| cd ./FRlibr1.framework/Versions && ln -sf ver2 Current
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| cd ./FRlibr1.framework && ln -sf Versions/Current/FRlibr1 FRlibr1
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| You link libr2.dylib like this:
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| libtool -dynamic libr1_src1.o libr1_src2.o -o FRlibr1.framework/Versions/ver2/Libraries/libr2.dylib
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| ===Private Frameworks===
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| Assuming:
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| <pre>
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| /Applications/
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| appl1.app/
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| Contents/
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| Info.plist
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| MacOS/
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| appl1 -> appl1-1
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| appl1-1
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| Resources/
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| Framework/
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| libr1-ver1.dylib
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| </pre>
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| You have to run:
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| install_name_tool \
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| -id @executable_path/../Frameworks/libr-ver1.dylib \
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| appl1.app/Contents/Frameworks/libr1-ver1.dylib
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| and
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| install_name_tool \
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| -change libr-ver1.dylib \
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| @executable_path/../Frameworks/libr-ver1.dylib \
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| appl1.app/Contents/MacOS/appl1
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| ==Related Work==
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| * On mailing list: http://public.kitware.com/pipermail/cmake/2005-December/007725.html
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| * From apple: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/MachOTopics/index.html
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| * From apple: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/MachOTopics/Articles/loading_code.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001830
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| * From Trolltech: http://doc.trolltech.com/qq/qq09-mac-deployment.html
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| {{CMake/Template/Footer}}
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