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| | Commercial [http://www.GetThePatent.com patent search databases] also exist. |
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| == Common algorithms that are known to be patented ==
| | http://www.GetThePatent.com/ |
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| === Marching Cubes === | | == WARNING: Research is NOT Exempted == |
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| === Iterative Closest Point ===
| | Contrary to widespread belief, patented methods are NOT freely available for research or education. |
| | That is, the fact that you use a patented method for research or education DO NOT exempt you from requiring to obtain a license from the patent holder. |
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| === Active Shape Models ===
| | The U.S. Supreme court ruled recently on this issue regarding the case Madey v. Duke University, |
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| === Correlation Ration Metric for Registration ===
| | Quote from Science Journal, Vol 299, Issue 5603, 26-27 , 3 January 2003: |
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| * United States Patent 6,539,127
| | Critics say the October decision,* in Madey v. Duke University, effectively ends a 170-year-old practice of allowing scientists to freely borrow patented technologies for limited use in basic research that isn't aimed at commercial ventures. The universities are asking the high court to review--and ultimately overturn--the decision by a special patent court, because they believe it will hinder research by forcing scientists to obtain permission before using patented technologies. |
| * Roche , et al. March 25, 2003 | |
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| Electronic device for automatic registration of images
| | "The decision transforms the academic science landscape in a horribly perverse way," says David Korn of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) in Washington, D.C., one of the groups leading the charge. "It means that [government] research funds will be diverted into legal and administrative costs." |
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| Abstract
| | A lower court sided with Duke, ruling in 1999 that the university wasn't infringing because its researchers were using the devices "for experimental, nonprofit purposes only." That standard is rooted in an 1831 case. But a federal appeals court reversed the decision in October, noting that Duke is a businesslike entity that profited from the use of the lasers. The research "unmistakably further[ed Duke's] legitimate business objectives, including educating and enlightening students and faculty" and helped it "lure lucrative research grants," wrote Federal Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Arthur Gajarsa. |
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| An electronic data processing device receives first and second data sets representing first and second comparable digital images. It comprises registration means comprising a first module which calculates a main function representative of the correlation ratios between the data of the first and second sets, and a second module which determines a registration transformation between one of the images and the other from the main function.
| | That language outraged many university research advocates because it implies that the research exemption doesn't apply in an academic setting. "To categorize a research university, with its educational mission, as just another commercial operation borders on ludicrous," says Sheldon Steinbach, general counsel of the American Council on Education (ACE) in Washington, D.C. It will be "disastrous," he says, if researchers have to stop and conduct expensive, time-consuming patent searches and make licensing deals every time they want to bring a new technology or technique into the lab. |
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| * Inventors: Roche; Alexis (Antibes, FR); Ayache; Nicholas (Nice, FR); Malandain; Gregoire (Antibes, FR); Pennec; Xavier (Antibes, FR)
| | It also will be difficult for administrators to keep track of which researchers are using patented material, adds James Severson, the new provost for intellectual property at the University of Washington, Seattle. "Academic scientists often don't know, and don't even think about, whether something is protected by a patent," he says. But the cost of not paying attention could be high, experts say, since alleged infringers could face triple-damages lawsuits. |
| * Assignee: Inria Institut National de Recherche (Le Chesnay Cedex, FR)
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| * Appl. No.: 361313
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| * Filed: July 27, 1999
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| === Image Guided Tracking of Medical Instruments ===
| | Madey and some patent attorneys say that the threat of financial punishment is needed in a world where universities increasingly profit from their own patent portfolios--and sue infringers. The decision also follows legal precedent, they add. "What the court said isn't surprising to most businesses, but I guess it's seen as unusual because the case [involved] a university," says Madey's attorney, Randall Roden of Tharrington Smith in Raleigh, North Carolina. It's been 70 years since a university was involved in a similar, potentially precedent-setting case, other attorneys note. |
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| * United States Patent 6,782,287
| | {{ITK/Template/Footer}} |
| * Grzeszczuk , et al. August 24, 2004
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| Method and apparatus for tracking a medical instrument based on image registration
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| Abstract
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| An apparatus, method and system for tracking a medical instrument, as it is moved in an operating space to a patient target site in the space, by constructing a composite, 3-D rendition of at least a part of the operating space based on an algorithm that registers pre-operative 3-D diagnostic scans of the operating space with real-time, stereo x-ray or radiograph images of the operating space. The invention has particular utility in tracking a flexible medical instrument and/or a medical instrument that moves inside the patient's body and is not visible to the surgeon.
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| * Inventors: Grzeszczuk; Robert (San Francisco, CA); Shahidi; Ramin (San Francisco, CA)
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| * Assignee: The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford, CA); General Electric Company (Schenectady, NY)
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| * Appl. No.: 892402
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| * Filed: June 26, 2001
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| === Vessel Tracking ===
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| * United States Patent 6,728,566
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| * Subramanyan , et al. April 27, 2004
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| Vessel tracking and tree extraction method and apparatus
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| Abstract
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| Computed tomography (CT) data (28) is collected for a plurality of slices by a CT scanner (10). At least a portion of the CT data is reconstructed (32) to form a volume image (34) defined by a plurality of two-dimensional image slices. At least one starting point is identified (72) within a blood vessel imaged in the three-dimensional image volume (34). The blood vessel is recursively tracked (70) to form a blood vessel representation (92).
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| * Inventors: Subramanyan; Krishna (Solon, OH); Chandra; Shalabh (Twinsburg, OH)
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| * Assignee: Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. (Eindhoven, NL)
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| * Appl. No.: 990521
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| * Filed: November 21, 2001
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| === Computer Aided Diagnosis of Thoracic Images ===
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| * United States Patent 6,795,521
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| * Hsu , et al. September 21, 2004
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| * Computer-aided diagnosis system for thoracic computer tomography images
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| Abstract
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| A method of detecting and analyzing abnormalities, like lung nodules, in thoracic computer tomography (CT) images uses digital image processing techniques and adaptive computing methods. The techniques include an automatic detection process to detect candidate abnormalities, an image matching process to match CT slices from two different CT scans, and a measurement process that determines parameters of the candidate abnormalities. Final results and processed CT images are displayed on a user interface.
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| * Inventors: Hsu; Li-Yueh (Vienna, VA); Lure; Fleming Y.-M. (Potomac, MD); Li; Ruiping (Rockville, MD); Xu; Xin-Wei (Gaithersburg, MD); Lin; Jyh-Shyan (North Potomac, MD); Martello; Edward A. (Glenwood, MD); Yeh; H.-Y. Michael (Potomac, MD)
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| * Assignee: Deus Technologies LLC (Rockville, MD)
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| * Appl. No.: 214464
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| * Filed: August 8, 2002
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| === Image Segmentation using Flood Fill and Multi-Scale ===
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| * United States Patent 6,778,698
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| * Prakash , et al. August 17, 2004
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| Method and apparatus for digital image segmentation
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| Abstract
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| An image segmenter uses one or more techniques to accurately segment an image, including the use of a progressive flood fill to fill incompletely bounded segments, the use of a plurality of scaled transformations and guiding segmentation at one scale with segmentation results from another scale, detecting edges using a composite image that is a composite of multiple color planes, generating edge chains using multiple classes of edge pixels, generating edge chains using the plurality of scaled transformations, and/or filtering spurious edges at one scale based on edges detected at another scale.
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| * Inventors: Prakash; Adityo (Redwood Shores, CA); Ratner; Edward R. (Sunnyvale, CA); Chen; John S. (San Jose, CA); Cook; David L. (Playa Del Rey, CA)
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| * Assignee: PTS Corporation (San Jose, CA)
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| * Appl. No.: 591438
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| * Filed: June 9, 2000
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| === Respiratory Compensation in MRI Coronary Imaging ===
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| * United States Patent 6,771,997
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| * Schaffer August 3, 2004
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| Respiratory compensation in MRI coronary imaging using diminishing variance
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| Abstract
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| The effects of complex motion of the heart and surrounding anatomy due to cardiac and respiratory motion is reduced in high resolution imaging of coronary arteries using a diminishing variance algorithm (DVA) using a navigator for tracking heart motion and iteratively reacquiring data frames where a data frame has a positional variance from a cumulative histogram of data. A target position is continually calculated from the cumulative histogram which is smoothed such as by low-pass filtering to continually provide a target position. An image histogram is developed based on a limited number of image frames which are iteratively replaced to attain desired image quality.
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| * Inventors: Schaffer; Robert W. (Stanford, CA)
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| * Assignee: The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Palo Alto, CA)
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| * Appl. No.: 952846
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| * Filed: September 11, 2001
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| === Tomographic Image Reconstruction ===
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| * United States Patent 6,788,758
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| * De Villiers September 7, 2004
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| Method of reconstructing tomographic images
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| Abstract
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| A method of reconstructing a tomographic image of an object from incomplete projection data using a limited angle tomography technique. The method includes using the protection data to obtain a first reconstruction of the image. Thereafter, regions in the first reconstruction that can be predicted with an acceptable degree of certainty in a final reconstruction, are identified. Prior knowledge in the form of possible density levels and piece-wise smoothness that regions in an image can assume, are applied to those regions of acceptable certainty in the first reconstruction so as to obtain a second reconstruction. The projection data is then applied to projections of the second reconstruction using a constraining method to obtain a third reconstruction. In the same way regions of acceptable certainty are identified and the prior knowledge and the projection data are applied to the third reconstruction and subsequent reconstructions until a final reconstruction is achieved.
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| * Inventors: De Villiers; Mattieu Stefan (Cape Town, ZA)
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| * Assignee: African Medical Imaging (Proprietary) Limited (Cape Town, ZA)
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| * Appl. No.: 466496
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| * Filed: July 16, 2003
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| * PCT Filed: January 17, 2002
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| * PCT NO: PCT/IB02/00114
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| * PCT PUB.NO.: WO02/05800
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| * PCT PUB. Date: July 25, 2002
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| === Image Registration and Tracking of Targets ===
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| * United States Patent 6,788,758
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| * De Villiers September 7, 2004
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| * Method of reconstructing tomographic images
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| Abstract
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| A method of reconstructing a tomographic image of an object from incomplete projection data using a limited angle tomography technique. The method includes using the protection data to obtain a first reconstruction of the image. Thereafter, regions in the first reconstruction that can be predicted with an acceptable degree of certainty in a final reconstruction, are identified. Prior knowledge in the form of possible density levels and piece-wise smoothness that regions in an image can assume, are applied to those regions of acceptable certainty in the first reconstruction so as to obtain a second reconstruction. The projection data is then applied to projections of the second reconstruction using a constraining method to obtain a third reconstruction. In the same way regions of acceptable certainty are identified and the prior knowledge and the projection data are applied to the third reconstruction and subsequent reconstructions until a final reconstruction is achieved.
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| * Inventors: De Villiers; Mattieu Stefan (Cape Town, ZA)
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| * Assignee: African Medical Imaging (Proprietary) Limited (Cape Town, ZA)
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| * Appl. No.: 466496
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| * Filed: July 16, 2003
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| * PCT Filed: January 17, 2002
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| * PCT NO: PCT/IB02/00114
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| * PCT PUB.NO.: WO02/05800
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| * PCT PUB. Date: July 25, 2002
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| === Segmentation based on Fast Marching and Mathematical Morphology ===
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| * United States Patent 6,788,758
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| * De Villiers September 7, 2004
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| Method of reconstructing tomographic images
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| Abstract
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| A method of reconstructing a tomographic image of an object from incomplete projection data using a limited angle tomography technique. The method includes using the protection data to obtain a first reconstruction of the image. Thereafter, regions in the first reconstruction that can be predicted with an acceptable degree of certainty in a final reconstruction, are identified. Prior knowledge in the form of possible density levels and piece-wise smoothness that regions in an image can assume, are applied to those regions of acceptable certainty in the first reconstruction so as to obtain a second reconstruction. The projection data is then applied to projections of the second reconstruction using a constraining method to obtain a third reconstruction. In the same way regions of acceptable certainty are identified and the prior knowledge and the projection data are applied to the third reconstruction and subsequent reconstructions until a final reconstruction is achieved.
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| * Inventors: De Villiers; Mattieu Stefan (Cape Town, ZA)
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| * Assignee: African Medical Imaging (Proprietary) Limited (Cape Town, ZA)
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| * Appl. No.: 466496
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| * Filed: July 16, 2003
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| * PCT Filed: January 17, 2002
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| * PCT NO: PCT/IB02/00114
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| * PCT PUB.NO.: WO02/05800
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| * PCT PUB. Date: July 25, 2002
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| === Fluoroscopy to CT Image Registration ===
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| * United States Patent 6,714,810
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| * Grzeszczuk , et al. March 30, 2004
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| Fluoroscopic registration system and method
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| Abstract
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| A method and system for registering volumetric scan data of a patient surgical site with actual patient position are disclosed. In practicing the method, position data relating to (i) the x,y,z coordinates of a detector screen in fixed coordinate system, and the x,y, coordinates of patient features on the screen are used to determine the x,y,z coordinates of the patient features in the fixed coordinate system. These coordinates are then matched with the coordinates of the same patient features taken from pre-op scan data, e.g., CT scan data, to place the CT scan data in the fixed coordinate system.
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| * Inventors: Grzeszczuk; Robert (San Francisco, CA); Dehlinger; Peter J. (Palo Alto, CA)
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| * Assignee: Cbyon, Inc. (Palo Alto, CA)
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| * Appl. No.: 948731
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| * Filed: September 7, 2001
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| === Pattern Recognition in Images using Neural Networks ===
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| * United States Patent 6,735,336
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| * Avni , et al. May 11, 2004
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| Apparatus for and method of pattern recognition and image analysis
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| Abstract
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| A method of comparing an input pattern with a memory pattern includes the steps of loading a representation of said input pattern into cells in an input layer; loading a representation of said memory pattern into cells in a memory layer; loading an initial value into cells in an intermediate layers between said input layer and said memory layer; comparing values of cells in said intermediate layers with values stored in cells of adjacent layers; updating values stored in cells in said intermediate layers based on said step of comparing; and mapping cells in said memory layer to cells in said input layer.
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| * Inventors: Avni; Yossi (Herzelia, IL); Suchard; Eytan (Kyriut Byalik, IL)
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| * Assignee: Applied Neural Computing Ltd. (Herzelia, IL)
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| * Appl. No.: 144754
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| * Filed: May 15, 2002
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| === Motion Tracking fom Tagged Cardiac MRI ===
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| * United States Patent 6,757,423
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| * Amini June 29, 2004
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| Methods of processing tagged MRI data indicative of tissue motion including 4-D LV tissue tracking
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| Abstract
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| A method for tracking motion of tissue in three or four dimensions by obtaining a model from imaging data having tag planes from which a grid of control points may be defined. First, knot planes are calculated from the grid of control points of the imaging data. Next, the knot planes are fitted to the tag planes to obtain the model of the tissue. Next, motion of tissue in three or four dimensions is represented with the model of the tissue. Also disclosed is a method for reconstructing tag surfaces with B-spline surfaces from imaging data having sets of image slices with tag data and calculating motion between the B-spline surfaces, comprising the steps of: reconstructing at least a first B-spline surface from B-spline curves corresponding to a first tag surface from a first set of image slices; reconstructing at least a second B-spline surface from B-spline curves corresponding to a second tag surface from a second set of image slices; and calculating motion between B-spline surfaces. Also disclosed is a method for warping a first area in a first image slice of imaging data containing tag lines into a corresponding second area in a second image slice of imaging data successive in time to interpolate a dense displacement vector field using smoothing splines. First, find coordinates of the tag lines in both slices of imaging data. Next, reconstruct a dense displacement vector field with smoothing splines using coordinates of the tag lines. As a result, images indicating strain and images having indicators of tissue motion are provided.
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| * Inventors: Amini; Amir A. (St. Louis, MO)
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| * Assignee: Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St. Louis, MO)
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| * Appl. No.: 507189
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| * Filed: February 18, 2000
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The Insight Toolkit provides a very open licensing mechanism that allows the use of the software for research, education and comercial applications. This very open license enters in conflict with methods that have been patented. In short, patented methods have inherit restrictions that make them non-suitable to be distributed under the ITK license. In plain words:
Patented algorithms can not be distributed with ITK
A surprisingly large number of image processing algorithms and methods are covered in full or in part a patents. What makes this even more dificult is the fact that in order to figure out if a particular method is patented you have to search on your own. This page is intended as an open space to welcome any notifications regarding methods that have been patented. In this way, users of the toolkit will be able to make informed decisions regarding whether they use or not such methods. The responsibility for seeking permision from patent holders remains in the users.
Where to search for Patents
The following are the official databases where you can search for issued patents.
United States Patent and Trademark Office
http://www.uspto.gov/
Commercial patent search databases also exist.
http://www.GetThePatent.com/
WARNING: Research is NOT Exempted
Contrary to widespread belief, patented methods are NOT freely available for research or education.
That is, the fact that you use a patented method for research or education DO NOT exempt you from requiring to obtain a license from the patent holder.
The U.S. Supreme court ruled recently on this issue regarding the case Madey v. Duke University,
Quote from Science Journal, Vol 299, Issue 5603, 26-27 , 3 January 2003:
Critics say the October decision,* in Madey v. Duke University, effectively ends a 170-year-old practice of allowing scientists to freely borrow patented technologies for limited use in basic research that isn't aimed at commercial ventures. The universities are asking the high court to review--and ultimately overturn--the decision by a special patent court, because they believe it will hinder research by forcing scientists to obtain permission before using patented technologies.
"The decision transforms the academic science landscape in a horribly perverse way," says David Korn of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) in Washington, D.C., one of the groups leading the charge. "It means that [government] research funds will be diverted into legal and administrative costs."
A lower court sided with Duke, ruling in 1999 that the university wasn't infringing because its researchers were using the devices "for experimental, nonprofit purposes only." That standard is rooted in an 1831 case. But a federal appeals court reversed the decision in October, noting that Duke is a businesslike entity that profited from the use of the lasers. The research "unmistakably further[ed Duke's] legitimate business objectives, including educating and enlightening students and faculty" and helped it "lure lucrative research grants," wrote Federal Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Arthur Gajarsa.
That language outraged many university research advocates because it implies that the research exemption doesn't apply in an academic setting. "To categorize a research university, with its educational mission, as just another commercial operation borders on ludicrous," says Sheldon Steinbach, general counsel of the American Council on Education (ACE) in Washington, D.C. It will be "disastrous," he says, if researchers have to stop and conduct expensive, time-consuming patent searches and make licensing deals every time they want to bring a new technology or technique into the lab.
It also will be difficult for administrators to keep track of which researchers are using patented material, adds James Severson, the new provost for intellectual property at the University of Washington, Seattle. "Academic scientists often don't know, and don't even think about, whether something is protected by a patent," he says. But the cost of not paying attention could be high, experts say, since alleged infringers could face triple-damages lawsuits.
Madey and some patent attorneys say that the threat of financial punishment is needed in a world where universities increasingly profit from their own patent portfolios--and sue infringers. The decision also follows legal precedent, they add. "What the court said isn't surprising to most businesses, but I guess it's seen as unusual because the case [involved] a university," says Madey's attorney, Randall Roden of Tharrington Smith in Raleigh, North Carolina. It's been 70 years since a university was involved in a similar, potentially precedent-setting case, other attorneys note.
