ITK  6.0.0
Insight Toolkit
Examples/Iterators/NeighborhoodIterators1.cxx
/*=========================================================================
*
* Copyright NumFOCUS
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*=========================================================================*/
// Software Guide : BeginCommandLineArgs
// INPUTS: {BrainT1Slice.png}
// OUTPUTS: {NeighborhoodIterators1a.png}
// Software Guide : EndCommandLineArgs
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// This example uses the \doxygen{NeighborhoodIterator} to implement a simple
// Sobel edge detection algorithm \cite{Gonzalez1993}. The algorithm uses the
// neighborhood iterator to iterate through an input image and calculate a
// series of finite difference derivatives. Since the derivative results
// cannot be written back to the input image without affecting later
// calculations, they are written instead to a second, output image. Most
// neighborhood processing algorithms follow this read-only model on their
// inputs.
//
// We begin by including the proper header files. The
// \doxygen{ImageRegionIterator} will be used to write the results of
// computations to the output image. A const version of the neighborhood
// iterator is used because the input image is read-only.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
int
main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
if (argc < 3)
{
std::cerr << "Missing parameters. " << std::endl;
std::cerr << "Usage: " << std::endl;
std::cerr << argv[0] << " inputImageFile outputImageFile" << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// The finite difference calculations
// in this algorithm require floating point values. Hence, we define the
// image pixel type to be \code{float} and the file reader will
// automatically cast fixed-point data to \code{float}.
//
// We declare the iterator types using the image type as
// the template parameter. The second template parameter of the
// neighborhood iterator, which specifies
// the boundary condition, has been omitted because the default condition is
// appropriate for this algorithm.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
using PixelType = float;
using ImageType = itk::Image<PixelType, 2>;
using ReaderType = itk::ImageFileReader<ImageType>;
using NeighborhoodIteratorType = itk::ConstNeighborhoodIterator<ImageType>;
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// The following code creates and executes the ITK image reader.
// The \code{Update}
// call on the reader object is surrounded by the standard \code{try/catch}
// blocks to handle any exceptions that may be thrown by the reader.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
auto reader = ReaderType::New();
reader->SetFileName(argv[1]);
try
{
reader->Update();
}
catch (const itk::ExceptionObject & err)
{
std::cerr << "ExceptionObject caught !" << std::endl;
std::cerr << err << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// We can now create a neighborhood iterator to range over the output of
// the reader. For Sobel edge-detection in 2D, we need a square iterator
// that extends one pixel away from the neighborhood center in every
// dimension.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
NeighborhoodIteratorType::RadiusType radius;
radius.Fill(1);
NeighborhoodIteratorType it(
radius, reader->GetOutput(), reader->GetOutput()->GetRequestedRegion());
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// The following code creates an output image and iterator.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
auto output = ImageType::New();
output->SetRegions(reader->GetOutput()->GetRequestedRegion());
output->Allocate();
IteratorType out(output, reader->GetOutput()->GetRequestedRegion());
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// Sobel edge detection uses weighted finite difference calculations to
// construct an edge magnitude image. Normally the edge magnitude is the
// root sum of squares of partial derivatives in all directions, but for
// simplicity this example only calculates the $x$ component. The result is
// a derivative image biased toward maximally vertical edges.
//
// The finite differences are computed from pixels at six locations in the
// neighborhood. In this example, we use the iterator \code{GetPixel()}
// method to query the values from their offsets in the neighborhood.
// The example in Section~\ref{sec:NeighborhoodExample2} uses convolution
// with a Sobel kernel instead.
//
// Six positions in the neighborhood are necessary for the finite difference
// calculations. These positions are recorded in \code{offset1} through
// \code{offset6}.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
NeighborhoodIteratorType::OffsetType offset1 = { { -1, -1 } };
NeighborhoodIteratorType::OffsetType offset2 = { { 1, -1 } };
NeighborhoodIteratorType::OffsetType offset3 = { { -1, 0 } };
NeighborhoodIteratorType::OffsetType offset4 = { { 1, 0 } };
NeighborhoodIteratorType::OffsetType offset5 = { { -1, 1 } };
NeighborhoodIteratorType::OffsetType offset6 = { { 1, 1 } };
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// It is equivalent to use the six corresponding integer array indices
// instead. For example, the offsets \code{(-1,-1)} and \code{(1, -1)} are
// equivalent to the integer indices \code{0} and \code{2}, respectively.
//
// The calculations are done in a \code{for} loop that moves the input and
// output iterators synchronously across their respective images. The
// \code{sum} variable is used to sum the results of the finite differences.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
for (it.GoToBegin(), out.GoToBegin(); !it.IsAtEnd(); ++it, ++out)
{
float sum;
sum = it.GetPixel(offset2) - it.GetPixel(offset1);
sum += 2.0 * it.GetPixel(offset4) - 2.0 * it.GetPixel(offset3);
sum += it.GetPixel(offset6) - it.GetPixel(offset5);
out.Set(sum);
}
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// The last step is to write the output buffer to an image file. Writing is
// done inside a \code{try/catch} block to handle any exceptions. The
// output is rescaled to intensity range $[0, 255]$ and cast to unsigned
// char so that it can be saved and visualized as a PNG image.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
using WritePixelType = unsigned char;
using WriteImageType = itk::Image<WritePixelType, 2>;
using RescaleFilterType =
auto rescaler = RescaleFilterType::New();
rescaler->SetOutputMinimum(0);
rescaler->SetOutputMaximum(255);
rescaler->SetInput(output);
auto writer = WriterType::New();
writer->SetFileName(argv[2]);
writer->SetInput(rescaler->GetOutput());
try
{
writer->Update();
}
catch (const itk::ExceptionObject & err)
{
std::cerr << "ExceptionObject caught !" << std::endl;
std::cerr << err << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// The center image of Figure~\ref{fig:NeighborhoodExamples1} shows the
// output of the Sobel algorithm applied to
// \code{Examples/Data/BrainT1Slice.png}.
//
// \begin{figure} \centering
// \includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{BrainT1Slice}
// \includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{NeighborhoodIterators1a}
// \includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{NeighborhoodIterators1b}
// \itkcaption[Sobel edge detection results]{Applying the Sobel operator in
// different orientations to an MRI image (left) produces $x$ (center) and
// $y$ (right) derivative images.} \protect\label{fig:NeighborhoodExamples1}
// \end{figure}
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
itkConstNeighborhoodIterator.h
itkImageFileReader.h
itkImageRegionIterator.h
itk::ImageFileReader
Data source that reads image data from a single file.
Definition: itkImageFileReader.h:75
itk::ImageRegionIterator
A multi-dimensional iterator templated over image type that walks a region of pixels.
Definition: itkImageRegionIterator.h:80
itk::ImageFileWriter
Writes image data to a single file.
Definition: itkImageFileWriter.h:90
itkRescaleIntensityImageFilter.h
itkImageFileWriter.h
itk::ConstNeighborhoodIterator
Const version of NeighborhoodIterator, defining iteration of a local N-dimensional neighborhood of pi...
Definition: itkConstNeighborhoodIterator.h:51
itk::RescaleIntensityImageFilter
Applies a linear transformation to the intensity levels of the input Image.
Definition: itkRescaleIntensityImageFilter.h:133
itk::Image
Templated n-dimensional image class.
Definition: itkImage.h:88
New
static Pointer New()