#include <itkKdTree.h>

Inheritance diagram for itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >:

Collaboration diagram for itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >:

Detailed Description

template<typename TSample>
class itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >

This class provides methods for k-nearest neighbor search and related data structures for a k-d tree.

An object of this class stores instance identifiers in a k-d tree that is a binary tree with childrens split along a dimension among k-dimensions. The dimension of the split (or partition) is determined for each nonterminal node that has two children. The split process is terminated when the node has no children (when the number of measurement vectors is less than or equal to the size set by the SetBucketSize. That is The split process is a recursive process in nature and in implementation. This implementation doesn't support dynamic insert and delete operations for the tree. Instead, we can use the KdTreeGenerator or WeightedCentroidKdTreeGenerator to generate a static KdTree object.

To search k-nearest neighbor, call the Search method with the query point in a k-d space and the number of nearest neighbors. The GetSearchResult method returns a pointer to a NearestNeighbors object with k-nearest neighbors.

Recent API changes: The static const macro to get the length of a measurement vector, 'MeasurementVectorSize' has been removed to allow the length of a measurement vector to be specified at run time. Please use the function GetMeasurementVectorSize() instead.

See Also: KdTreeNode, KdTreeNonterminalNode, KdTreeWeightedCentroidNonterminalNode, KdTreeTerminalNode, KdTreeGenerator, WeightedCentroidKdTreeNode

Definition at line 483 of file itkKdTree.h.

Classes
class	NearestNeighbors

Public Types
typedef TSample::AbsoluteFrequencyType	AbsoluteFrequencyType

typedef TSample::ConstIterator	ConstIterator

typedef SmartPointer< const Self >	ConstPointer

typedef EuclideanDistanceMetric < MeasurementVectorType >	DistanceMetricType

typedef TSample::InstanceIdentifier	InstanceIdentifier

typedef std::vector < InstanceIdentifier >	InstanceIdentifierVectorType

typedef TSample::Iterator	Iterator

typedef KdTreeNode< TSample >	KdTreeNodeType

typedef TSample::MeasurementType	MeasurementType

typedef unsigned int	MeasurementVectorSizeType

typedef TSample::MeasurementVectorType	MeasurementVectorType

typedef std::pair < InstanceIdentifier, double >	NeighborType

typedef SmartPointer< Self >	Pointer

typedef TSample	SampleType

typedef KdTree	Self

typedef Object	Superclass

Public Types inherited from itk::Object
typedef SmartPointer< const Self >	ConstPointer

typedef SmartPointer< Self >	Pointer

typedef Object	Self

typedef LightObject	Superclass

Public Types inherited from itk::LightObject
typedef SmartPointer< const Self >	ConstPointer

typedef SmartPointer< Self >	Pointer

typedef LightObject	Self

Public Member Functions
bool	BallWithinBounds (const MeasurementVectorType &, MeasurementVectorType &, MeasurementVectorType &, double) const

bool	BoundsOverlapBall (const MeasurementVectorType &, MeasurementVectorType &, MeasurementVectorType &, double) const

virtual ::itk::LightObject::Pointer	CreateAnother () const

void	DeleteNode (KdTreeNodeType *)

DistanceMetricType *	GetDistanceMetric ()

KdTreeNodeType *	GetEmptyTerminalNode ()

AbsoluteFrequencyType	GetFrequency (InstanceIdentifier id) const

const MeasurementVectorType &	GetMeasurementVector (InstanceIdentifier id) const

virtual MeasurementVectorSizeType	GetMeasurementVectorSize () const

virtual const char *	GetNameOfClass () const

KdTreeNodeType *	GetRoot ()

const TSample *	GetSample () const

void	PlotTree (std::ostream &os) const

void	PlotTree (KdTreeNodeType *node, std::ostream &os=std::cout) const

void	PrintTree (std::ostream &) const

void	PrintTree (KdTreeNodeType *, unsigned int, unsigned int, std::ostream &os=std::cout) const

void	Search (const MeasurementVectorType &, unsigned int, InstanceIdentifierVectorType &) const

void	Search (const MeasurementVectorType &, unsigned int, InstanceIdentifierVectorType &, std::vector< double > &) const

void	Search (const MeasurementVectorType &, double, InstanceIdentifierVectorType &) const

void	SetBucketSize (unsigned int)

void	SetSample (const TSample *)

SizeValueType	Size () const


void	SetRoot (KdTreeNodeType *root)

Public Member Functions inherited from itk::Object
unsigned long	AddObserver (const EventObject &event, Command *)

unsigned long	AddObserver (const EventObject &event, Command *) const

virtual void	DebugOff () const

virtual void	DebugOn () const

Command *	GetCommand (unsigned long tag)

bool	GetDebug () const

MetaDataDictionary &	GetMetaDataDictionary ()

const MetaDataDictionary &	GetMetaDataDictionary () const

virtual ModifiedTimeType	GetMTime () const

virtual const TimeStamp &	GetTimeStamp () const

bool	HasObserver (const EventObject &event) const

void	InvokeEvent (const EventObject &)

void	InvokeEvent (const EventObject &) const

virtual void	Modified () const

virtual void	Register () const override

void	RemoveAllObservers ()

void	RemoveObserver (unsigned long tag)

void	SetDebug (bool debugFlag) const

void	SetMetaDataDictionary (const MetaDataDictionary &rhs)

virtual void	SetReferenceCount (int) override

virtual void	UnRegister () const noexceptoverride

virtual void	SetObjectName (std::string _arg)

virtual const std::string &	GetObjectName () const

Public Member Functions inherited from itk::LightObject
virtual void	Delete ()

virtual int	GetReferenceCount () const

	itkCloneMacro (Self)

void	Print (std::ostream &os, Indent indent=0) const

Static Public Member Functions
static Pointer	New ()

Static Public Member Functions inherited from itk::Object
static bool	GetGlobalWarningDisplay ()

static void	GlobalWarningDisplayOff ()

static void	GlobalWarningDisplayOn ()

static Pointer	New ()

static void	SetGlobalWarningDisplay (bool flag)

Static Public Member Functions inherited from itk::LightObject
static void	BreakOnError ()

static Pointer	New ()

Protected Member Functions
	KdTree ()

int	NearestNeighborSearchLoop (const KdTreeNodeType *, const MeasurementVectorType &, MeasurementVectorType &, MeasurementVectorType &, NearestNeighbors &) const

virtual void	PrintSelf (std::ostream &os, Indent indent) const override

int	SearchLoop (const KdTreeNodeType *, const MeasurementVectorType &, double, MeasurementVectorType &, MeasurementVectorType &, InstanceIdentifierVectorType &) const

virtual	~KdTree ()

Protected Member Functions inherited from itk::Object
	Object ()

bool	PrintObservers (std::ostream &os, Indent indent) const

virtual void	SetTimeStamp (const TimeStamp &time)

virtual	~Object ()

Protected Member Functions inherited from itk::LightObject
virtual LightObject::Pointer	InternalClone () const

	LightObject ()

virtual void	PrintHeader (std::ostream &os, Indent indent) const

virtual void	PrintTrailer (std::ostream &os, Indent indent) const

virtual	~LightObject ()

Private Member Functions
	KdTree (const Self &) ITK_DELETE_FUNCTION

void	operator= (const Self &) ITK_DELETE_FUNCTION

Private Attributes
int	m_BucketSize

DistanceMetricType::Pointer	m_DistanceMetric

KdTreeNodeType *	m_EmptyTerminalNode

MeasurementVectorSizeType	m_MeasurementVectorSize

KdTreeNodeType *	m_Root

const TSample *	m_Sample

Additional Inherited Members
Protected Attributes inherited from itk::LightObject
AtomicInt< int >	m_ReferenceCount

Member Typedef Documentation

template<typename TSample >

typedef TSample::AbsoluteFrequencyType itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::AbsoluteFrequencyType

Definition at line 503 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef TSample::ConstIterator itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::ConstIterator

Definition at line 724 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef SmartPointer< const Self > itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::ConstPointer

Definition at line 490 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef EuclideanDistanceMetric< MeasurementVectorType > itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::DistanceMetricType

DistanceMetric type for the distance calculation and comparison

Definition at line 509 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef TSample::InstanceIdentifier itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::InstanceIdentifier

Definition at line 502 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef std::vector< InstanceIdentifier > itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::InstanceIdentifierVectorType

Definition at line 522 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef TSample::Iterator itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::Iterator

Definition at line 723 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef KdTreeNode<TSample> itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::KdTreeNodeType

Node type of the KdTree

Definition at line 515 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef TSample::MeasurementType itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::MeasurementType

Definition at line 501 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef unsigned int itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::MeasurementVectorSizeType

Definition at line 505 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef TSample::MeasurementVectorType itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::MeasurementVectorType

Definition at line 500 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef std::pair< InstanceIdentifier, double > itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::NeighborType

Neighbor type. The first element of the std::pair is the instance identifier and the second one is the distance between the measurement vector identified by the first element and the query point.

Definition at line 520 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef SmartPointer< Self > itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::Pointer

Definition at line 489 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef TSample itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::SampleType

typedef alias for the source data container

Definition at line 496 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef KdTree itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::Self

Standard class typedefs

Definition at line 487 of file itkKdTree.h.

template<typename TSample >

typedef Object itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::Superclass

Definition at line 488 of file itkKdTree.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

template<typename TSample >

itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::KdTree ( )

protected

Constructor

template<typename TSample >

virtual itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::~KdTree ( )

protectedvirtual

Destructor: deletes the root node and the empty terminal node.

template<typename TSample >

itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::KdTree ( const Self & )

private

Member Function Documentation

template<typename TSample >

bool itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::BallWithinBounds	(	const MeasurementVectorType &	,
		MeasurementVectorType &	,
		MeasurementVectorType &	,
		double
	)		const

Returns true if the intermediate k-nearest neighbors exist within the the bounding box defined by the lowerBound and the upperBound. Otherwise returns false. Returns false if the ball defined by the distance between the query point and the farthest neighbor touch the surface of the bounding box.

template<typename TSample >

bool itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::BoundsOverlapBall	(	const MeasurementVectorType &	,
		MeasurementVectorType &	,
		MeasurementVectorType &	,
		double
	)		const

Returns true if the ball defined by the distance between the query point and the farthest neighbor overlaps with the bounding box defined by the lower and the upper bounds.

template<typename TSample >

virtual::itk::LightObject::Pointer itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::CreateAnother ( ) const

virtual

Create an object from an instance, potentially deferring to a factory. This method allows you to create an instance of an object that is exactly the same type as the referring object. This is useful in cases where an object has been cast back to a base class.

Reimplemented from itk::Object.

template<typename TSample >

void itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::DeleteNode ( KdTreeNodeType * )

Deletes the node recursively

Referenced by itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::SetRoot().

template<typename TSample >

DistanceMetricType* itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::GetDistanceMetric ( )

inline

Get the pointer to the distance metric.

Definition at line 673 of file itkKdTree.h.

References itk::SmartPointer< TObjectType >::GetPointer(), and itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::m_DistanceMetric.

template<typename TSample >

KdTreeNodeType* itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::GetEmptyTerminalNode ( )

inline

Returns the pointer to the empty terminal node. A KdTree object has a single empty terminal node in memory. when the split process has to create an empty terminal node, the single instance is reused for this case

Definition at line 634 of file itkKdTree.h.

References itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::m_EmptyTerminalNode.

template<typename TSample >

AbsoluteFrequencyType itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::GetFrequency ( InstanceIdentifier id ) const

inline

Returns the frequency of the measurement vector identified by the instance identifier

Definition at line 667 of file itkKdTree.h.

References itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::m_Sample.

template<typename TSample >

const MeasurementVectorType& itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::GetMeasurementVector ( InstanceIdentifier id ) const

inline

Returns the measurement vector identified by the instance identifier that is an identifier defiend for the input sample

Definition at line 659 of file itkKdTree.h.

References itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::m_Sample.

template<typename TSample >

virtual MeasurementVectorSizeType itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::GetMeasurementVectorSize ( ) const

virtual

Get Macro to get the length of a measurement vector in the KdTree. The length is obtained from the input sample.

template<typename TSample >

virtual const char* itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::GetNameOfClass ( ) const

virtual

Run-time type information (and related methods)

Reimplemented from itk::Object.

template<typename TSample >

KdTreeNodeType* itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::GetRoot ( )

inline

Returns the pointer to the root node.

Definition at line 652 of file itkKdTree.h.

References itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::m_Root.

template<typename TSample >

const TSample* itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::GetSample ( ) const

inline

Returns the pointer to the input sample

Definition at line 620 of file itkKdTree.h.

References itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::m_Sample.

template<typename TSample >

int itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::NearestNeighborSearchLoop	(	const KdTreeNodeType *	,
		const MeasurementVectorType &	,
		MeasurementVectorType &	,
		MeasurementVectorType &	,
		NearestNeighbors &
	)		const

protected

search loop

template<typename TSample >

static Pointer itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::New ( )

static

Method for creation through the object factory.

template<typename TSample >

void itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::operator= ( const Self & )

private

template<typename TSample >

void itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::PlotTree ( std::ostream & os ) const

Draw out the tree information to a ostream using the format of the Graphviz dot tool.

template<typename TSample >

void itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::PlotTree	(	KdTreeNodeType *	node,
		std::ostream &	os = `std::cout`
	)		const

Prints out the tree information

template<typename TSample >

virtual void itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::PrintSelf	(	std::ostream &	os,
		Indent	indent
	)		const

overrideprotectedvirtual

Methods invoked by Print() to print information about the object including superclasses. Typically not called by the user (use Print() instead) but used in the hierarchical print process to combine the output of several classes.

Reimplemented from itk::Object.

template<typename TSample >

void itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::PrintTree ( std::ostream & ) const

Prints out the tree information

template<typename TSample >

void itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::PrintTree	(	KdTreeNodeType *	,
		unsigned	int,
		unsigned	int,
		std::ostream &	os = `std::cout`
	)		const

Prints out the tree information

template<typename TSample >

void itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::Search	(	const MeasurementVectorType &	,
		unsigned	int,
		InstanceIdentifierVectorType &
	)		const

Searches the k-nearest neighbors

template<typename TSample >

void itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::Search	(	const MeasurementVectorType &	,
		unsigned	int,
		InstanceIdentifierVectorType &	,
		std::vector< double > &
	)		const

Searches the k-nearest neighbors and returns the distance vector along with the distance measures.

template<typename TSample >

void itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::Search	(	const MeasurementVectorType &	,
		double	,
		InstanceIdentifierVectorType &
	)		const

Searches the neighbors fallen into a hypersphere

template<typename TSample >

int itk::Statistics::KdTree< TSample >::SearchLoop	(	const KdTreeNodeType *	,
		const MeasurementVectorType &	,
		double	,
		MeasurementVectorType &	,
		MeasurementVectorType &	,
		InstanceIdentifierVectorType &
	)		const