ITK  5.2.0
Insight Toolkit
Examples/IO/DicomSeriesReadImageWrite2.cxx
/*=========================================================================
*
* Copyright NumFOCUS
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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*=========================================================================*/
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// Probably the most common representation of datasets in clinical
// applications is the one that uses sets of DICOM slices in order to compose
// 3-dimensional images. This is the case for CT, MRI and PET scanners. It is
// very common therefore for image analysts to have to process volumetric
// images stored in a set of DICOM files belonging to a
// common DICOM series.
//
// The following example illustrates how to use ITK functionalities in order
// to read a DICOM series into a volume and then save this volume in another
// file format.
//
// The example begins by including the appropriate headers. In particular we
// will need the \doxygen{GDCMImageIO} object in order to have access to the
// capabilities of the GDCM library for reading DICOM files, and the
// \doxygen{GDCMSeriesFileNames} object for generating the lists of filenames
// identifying the slices of a common volumetric dataset.
//
// \index{itk::ImageSeriesReader!header}
// \index{itk::GDCMImageIO!header}
// \index{itk::GDCMSeriesFileNames!header}
// \index{itk::ImageFileWriter!header}
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
#include "itkImage.h"
#include "itkGDCMImageIO.h"
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
int
main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
if (argc < 3)
{
std::cerr << "Usage: " << std::endl;
std::cerr << argv[0] << " DicomDirectory outputFileName [seriesName]"
<< std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// We define the pixel type and dimension of the image to be read. In this
// particular case, the dimensionality of the image is 3, and we assume a
// \code{signed short} pixel type that is commonly used for X-Rays CT
// scanners.
//
// The image orientation information contained in the direction cosines
// of the DICOM header are read in and passed correctly down the image
// processing pipeline.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
using PixelType = signed short;
constexpr unsigned int Dimension = 3;
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// We use the image type for instantiating the type of the series reader and
// for constructing one object of its type.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
ReaderType::Pointer reader = ReaderType::New();
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// A GDCMImageIO object is created and connected to the reader. This object
// is the one that is aware of the internal intricacies of the DICOM format.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
using ImageIOType = itk::GDCMImageIO;
ImageIOType::Pointer dicomIO = ImageIOType::New();
reader->SetImageIO(dicomIO);
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// Now we face one of the main challenges of the process of reading a DICOM
// series: to identify from a given directory the set of filenames
// that belong together to the same volumetric image. Fortunately for us,
// GDCM offers functionalities for solving this problem and we just need to
// invoke those functionalities through an ITK class that encapsulates a
// communication with GDCM classes. This ITK object is the
// GDCMSeriesFileNames. Conveniently, we only need to pass to this class the
// name of the directory where the DICOM slices are stored. This is done
// with the \code{SetDirectory()} method. The GDCMSeriesFileNames object
// will explore the directory and will generate a sequence of filenames for
// DICOM files for one study/series. In this example, we also call the
// \code{SetUseSeriesDetails(true)} function that tells the
// GDCMSeriesFileNames object to use additional DICOM information to
// distinguish unique volumes within the directory. This is useful, for
// example, if a DICOM device assigns the same SeriesID to a scout scan and
// its 3D volume; by using additional DICOM information the scout scan will
// not be included as part of the 3D volume. Note that
// \code{SetUseSeriesDetails(true)} must be called prior to calling
// \code{SetDirectory()}. By default \code{SetUseSeriesDetails(true)} will
// use the following DICOM tags to sub-refine a set of files into multiple
// series:
//
// \begin{description}
// \item[0020 0011] Series Number
// \item[0018 0024] Sequence Name
// \item[0018 0050] Slice Thickness
// \item[0028 0010] Rows
// \item[0028 0011] Columns
// \end{description}
//
// If this is not enough for your specific case you can always add some more
// restrictions using the \code{AddSeriesRestriction()} method. In this
// example we will use the DICOM Tag: 0008 0021 DA 1 Series Date, to
// sub-refine each series. The format for passing the argument is a string
// containing first the group then the element of the DICOM tag, separated
// by a pipe ($|$) sign.
//
//
// \index{itk::GDCMSeriesFileNames!SetDirectory()}
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
using NamesGeneratorType = itk::GDCMSeriesFileNames;
NamesGeneratorType::Pointer nameGenerator = NamesGeneratorType::New();
nameGenerator->SetUseSeriesDetails(true);
nameGenerator->AddSeriesRestriction("0008|0021");
nameGenerator->SetDirectory(argv[1]);
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
try
{
std::cout << std::endl << "The directory: " << std::endl;
std::cout << std::endl << argv[1] << std::endl << std::endl;
std::cout << "Contains the following DICOM Series: ";
std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// The GDCMSeriesFileNames object first identifies the list of DICOM
// series present in the given directory. We receive that list in a
// reference to a container of strings and then we can do things like
// print out all the series identifiers that the generator had found.
// Since the process of finding the series identifiers can potentially
// throw exceptions, it is wise to put this code inside a \code{try/catch}
// block.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
using SeriesIdContainer = std::vector<std::string>;
const SeriesIdContainer & seriesUID = nameGenerator->GetSeriesUIDs();
auto seriesItr = seriesUID.begin();
auto seriesEnd = seriesUID.end();
while (seriesItr != seriesEnd)
{
std::cout << seriesItr->c_str() << std::endl;
++seriesItr;
}
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// Given that it is common to find multiple DICOM series in the same
// directory, we must tell the GDCM classes what specific series we want
// to read. In this example we do this by checking first if the user has
// provided a series identifier in the command line arguments. If no
// series identifier has been passed, then we simply use the first series
// found during the exploration of the directory.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
std::string seriesIdentifier;
if (argc > 3) // If no optional series identifier
{
seriesIdentifier = argv[3];
}
else
{
seriesIdentifier = seriesUID.begin()->c_str();
}
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;
std::cout << "Now reading series: " << std::endl << std::endl;
std::cout << seriesIdentifier << std::endl;
std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// We pass the series identifier to the name generator and ask for all the
// filenames associated to that series. This list is returned in a
// container of strings by the \code{GetFileNames()} method.
//
// \index{itk::GDCMSeriesFileNames!GetFileNames()}
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
using FileNamesContainer = std::vector<std::string>;
FileNamesContainer fileNames;
fileNames = nameGenerator->GetFileNames(seriesIdentifier);
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
//
// The list of filenames can now be passed to the
// \doxygen{ImageSeriesReader} using the \code{SetFileNames()} method.
//
// \index{itk::ImageSeriesReader!SetFileNames()}
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
reader->SetFileNames(fileNames);
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// Finally we can trigger the reading process by invoking the
// \code{Update()} method in the reader. This call as usual is placed
// inside a \code{try/catch} block.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
try
{
reader->Update();
}
catch (const itk::ExceptionObject & ex)
{
std::cout << ex << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// At this point, we have a volumetric image in memory that we can access
// by invoking the \code{GetOutput()} method of the reader.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// We proceed now to save the volumetric image in another file, as
// specified by the user in the command line arguments of this program.
// Thanks to the ImageIO factory mechanism, only the filename extension is
// needed to identify the file format in this case.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
using WriterType = itk::ImageFileWriter<ImageType>;
WriterType::Pointer writer = WriterType::New();
writer->SetFileName(argv[2]);
writer->SetInput(reader->GetOutput());
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
std::cout << "Writing the image as " << std::endl << std::endl;
std::cout << argv[2] << std::endl << std::endl;
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// The process of writing the image is initiated by invoking the
// \code{Update()} method of the writer.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
try
{
// Software Guide : BeginCodeSnippet
writer->Update();
// Software Guide : EndCodeSnippet
}
catch (const itk::ExceptionObject & ex)
{
std::cout << ex << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
}
catch (const itk::ExceptionObject & ex)
{
std::cout << ex << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// Software Guide : BeginLatex
//
// Note that in addition to writing the volumetric image to a file we could
// have used it as the input for any 3D processing pipeline. Keep in mind
// that DICOM is simply a file format and a network protocol. Once the image
// data has been loaded into memory, it behaves as any other volumetric
// dataset that you could have loaded from any other file format.
//
// Software Guide : EndLatex
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
itk::ImageSeriesReader
Data source that reads image data from a series of disk files.
Definition: itkImageSeriesReader.h:45
itkImage.h
itkGDCMImageIO.h
itkImageSeriesReader.h
itk::ImageFileWriter
Writes image data to a single file.
Definition: itkImageFileWriter.h:88
itk::GDCMImageIO
ImageIO class for reading and writing DICOM V3.0 and ACR/NEMA 1&2 uncompressed images....
Definition: itkGDCMImageIO.h:109
itkImageFileWriter.h
itk::GDCMSeriesFileNames
Generate a sequence of filenames from a DICOM series.
Definition: itkGDCMSeriesFileNames.h:63
itkGDCMSeriesFileNames.h
itk::Image
Templated n-dimensional image class.
Definition: itkImage.h:86
itk::GTest::TypedefsAndConstructors::Dimension2::Dimension
constexpr unsigned int Dimension
Definition: itkGTestTypedefsAndConstructors.h:44