ITK
6.0.0
Insight Toolkit
Examples/RegistrationITKv4/ImageRegistration19.cxx
/*=========================================================================
*
* Copyright NumFOCUS
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*=========================================================================*/
#include "
itkImageRegistrationMethod.h
"
#include "
itkAffineTransform.h
"
#include "
itkMatchCardinalityImageToImageMetric.h
"
#include "
itkNearestNeighborInterpolateImageFunction.h
"
#include "
itkAmoebaOptimizer.h
"
#include "
itkCenteredTransformInitializer.h
"
#include "
itkImageFileReader.h
"
#include "
itkImageFileWriter.h
"
#include "
itkResampleImageFilter.h
"
#include "
itkCastImageFilter.h
"
#include "
itkSquaredDifferenceImageFilter.h
"
#include "
itkFileOutputWindow.h
"
//
// The following piece of code implements an observer
// that will monitor the evolution of the registration process.
//
#include "
itkCommand.h
"
class
CommandIterationUpdate19 :
public
itk::Command
{
public
:
using
Self
= CommandIterationUpdate19;
using
Superclass
=
itk::Command
;
using
Pointer
=
itk::SmartPointer<Self>
;
itkNewMacro(
Self
);
protected
:
CommandIterationUpdate19() =
default
;
public
:
using
OptimizerType =
itk::AmoebaOptimizer
;
using
OptimizerPointer =
const
OptimizerType *;
void
Execute
(
itk::Object
* caller,
const
itk::EventObject
& event)
override
{
Execute
((
const
itk::Object
*)caller, event);
}
void
Execute
(
const
itk::Object
*
object
,
const
itk::EventObject
& event)
override
{
auto
optimizer = static_cast<OptimizerPointer>(
object
);
if
(optimizer ==
nullptr
)
{
return
;
}
if
(!itk::IterationEvent().CheckEvent(&event))
{
return
;
}
std::cout << optimizer->GetCachedValue() <<
" "
;
std::cout << optimizer->GetCachedCurrentPosition() << std::endl;
}
};
int
main(
int
argc,
char
* argv[])
{
if
(argc < 3)
{
std::cerr <<
"Missing Parameters "
<< std::endl;
std::cerr <<
"Usage: "
<< argv[0];
std::cerr <<
" fixedImageFile movingImageFile "
;
std::cerr <<
" outputImagefile [differenceImage]"
<< std::endl;
std::cerr <<
" [initialTx] [initialTy]"
<< std::endl;
return
EXIT_FAILURE;
}
auto
fow =
itk::FileOutputWindow::New
();
fow->SetInstance(fow);
// The types of each one of the components in the registration methods
// should be instantiated. First, we select the image dimension and the type
// for representing image pixels.
//
constexpr
unsigned
int
Dimension
= 2;
using
PixelType = float;
// The types of the input images are instantiated by the following lines.
//
using
FixedImageType =
itk::Image<PixelType, Dimension>
;
using
MovingImageType =
itk::Image<PixelType, Dimension>
;
using
TransformType =
itk::AffineTransform<double, Dimension>
;
using
OptimizerType =
itk::AmoebaOptimizer
;
using
MetricType =
itk::MatchCardinalityImageToImageMetric<FixedImageType, MovingImageType>
;
// Finally, the type of the interpolator is declared. The
// interpolator will evaluate the moving image at non-grid
// positions.
using
InterpolatorType =
itk::NearestNeighborInterpolateImageFunction<MovingImageType, double>
;
// The registration method type is instantiated using the types of the
// fixed and moving images. This class is responsible for interconnecting
// all the components we have described so far.
using
RegistrationType =
itk::ImageRegistrationMethod<FixedImageType, MovingImageType>
;
// Each one of the registration components is created using its
// \code{New()} method and is assigned to its respective
// \doxygen{SmartPointer}.
//
auto
metric =
MetricType::New
();
auto
transform =
TransformType::New
();
auto
optimizer =
OptimizerType::New
();
auto
interpolator =
InterpolatorType::New
();
auto
registration =
RegistrationType::New
();
metric->MeasureMatchesOff();
// Each component is now connected to the instance of the registration
// method. \index{itk::RegistrationMethod!SetMetric()}
// \index{itk::RegistrationMethod!SetOptimizer()}
// \index{itk::RegistrationMethod!SetTransform()}
// \index{itk::RegistrationMethod!SetFixedImage()}
// \index{itk::RegistrationMethod!SetMovingImage()}
// \index{itk::RegistrationMethod!SetInterpolator()}
//
registration->SetMetric(metric);
registration->SetOptimizer(optimizer);
registration->SetTransform(transform);
registration->SetInterpolator(interpolator);
using
FixedImageReaderType =
itk::ImageFileReader<FixedImageType>
;
using
MovingImageReaderType =
itk::ImageFileReader<MovingImageType>
;
auto
fixedImageReader =
FixedImageReaderType::New
();
auto
movingImageReader =
MovingImageReaderType::New
();
fixedImageReader->SetFileName(argv[1]);
movingImageReader->SetFileName(argv[2]);
// In this example, the fixed and moving images are read from files. This
// requires the \doxygen{ImageRegistrationMethod} to acquire its inputs to
// the output of the readers.
//
registration->SetFixedImage(fixedImageReader->GetOutput());
registration->SetMovingImage(movingImageReader->GetOutput());
// The registration can be restricted to consider only a particular region
// of the fixed image as input to the metric computation. This region is
// defined by the \code{SetFixedImageRegion()} method. You could use this
// feature to reduce the computational time of the registration or to avoid
// unwanted objects present in the image affecting the registration
// outcome. In this example we use the full available content of the image.
// This region is identified by the \code{BufferedRegion} of the fixed
// image. Note that for this region to be valid the reader must first
// invoke its \code{Update()} method.
//
// \index{itk::ImageRegistrationMethod!SetFixedImageRegion()}
// \index{itk::Image!GetBufferedRegion()}
//
fixedImageReader->Update();
movingImageReader->Update();
registration->SetFixedImageRegion(
fixedImageReader->GetOutput()->GetBufferedRegion());
//
// Here we initialize the transform to make sure that the center of
// rotation is set to the center of mass of the object in the fixed image.
//
using
TransformInitializerType =
itk::CenteredTransformInitializer
<TransformType,
FixedImageType,
MovingImageType>;
auto
initializer =
TransformInitializerType::New
();
initializer->SetTransform(transform);
initializer->SetFixedImage(fixedImageReader->GetOutput());
initializer->SetMovingImage(movingImageReader->GetOutput());
initializer->MomentsOn();
initializer->InitializeTransform();
// The parameters of the transform are initialized by passing them in an
// array. This can be used to setup an initial known correction of the
// misalignment. In this particular case, a translation transform is
// being used for the registration. The array of parameters for this
// transform is simply composed of the rotation matrix and the translation
// values along each dimension.
//
// \index{itk::AffineTransform!GetNumberOfParameters()}
// \index{itk::RegistrationMethod!SetInitialTransformParameters()}
//
using
ParametersType = RegistrationType::ParametersType;
ParametersType initialParameters = transform->GetParameters();
double
tx = 0.0;
double
ty = 0.0;
if
(argc > 6)
{
tx = std::stod(argv[5]);
ty = std::stod(argv[6]);
}
initialParameters[4] = tx;
// Initial offset in mm along X
initialParameters[5] = ty;
// Initial offset in mm along Y
registration->SetInitialTransformParameters(initialParameters);
// At this point the registration method is ready for execution. The
// optimizer is the component that drives the execution of the
// registration. However, the ImageRegistrationMethod class
// orchestrates the ensemble to make sure that everything is in place
// before control is passed to the optimizer.
//
const
unsigned
int
numberOfParameters = transform->GetNumberOfParameters();
OptimizerType::ParametersType simplexDelta(numberOfParameters);
// This parameter is tightly coupled to the translationScale below
constexpr
double
stepInParametricSpace = 0.01;
simplexDelta.Fill(stepInParametricSpace);
optimizer->AutomaticInitialSimplexOff();
optimizer->SetInitialSimplexDelta(simplexDelta);
optimizer->SetParametersConvergenceTolerance(1
e
-4);
// about 0.005 degrees
optimizer->SetFunctionConvergenceTolerance(
1
e
-6);
// variation in metric value
optimizer->SetMaximumNumberOfIterations(200);
// This parameter is tightly coupled to the stepInParametricSpace above.
const
double
translationScale = 1.0 / 1000.0;
using
OptimizerScalesType = OptimizerType::ScalesType;
OptimizerScalesType optimizerScales(numberOfParameters);
optimizerScales[0] = 1.0;
optimizerScales[1] = 1.0;
optimizerScales[2] = 1.0;
optimizerScales[3] = 1.0;
optimizerScales[4] = translationScale;
optimizerScales[5] = translationScale;
optimizer->SetScales(optimizerScales);
//
// Create the Command observer and register it with the optimizer.
//
auto
observer =
CommandIterationUpdate19::New
();
optimizer->AddObserver(itk::IterationEvent(), observer);
// The registration process is triggered by an invocation of the
// \code{Update()} method. If something goes wrong during the
// initialization or execution of the registration an exception will be
// thrown. We should therefore place the \code{Update()} method
// in a \code{try/catch} block as illustrated in the following lines.
//
try
{
// print out the initial metric value. need to initialize the
// registration method to force all the connections to be established.
registration->Initialize();
std::cout <<
"Initial Metric value = "
<< metric->GetValue(initialParameters) << std::endl;
// run the registration
registration->Update();
std::cout <<
"Optimizer stop condition = "
<< registration->GetOptimizer()->GetStopConditionDescription()
<< std::endl;
}
catch
(
const
itk::ExceptionObject
& err)
{
std::cout <<
"ExceptionObject caught !"
<< std::endl;
std::cout << err << std::endl;
return
EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// In a real application, you may attempt to recover from the error in the
// catch block. Here we are simply printing out a message and then
// terminating the execution of the program.
//
//
// The result of the registration process is an array of parameters that
// defines the spatial transformation in an unique way. This final result
// is obtained using the \code{GetLastTransformParameters()} method.
//
// \index{itk::RegistrationMethod!GetLastTransformParameters()}
//
ParametersType finalParameters = registration->GetLastTransformParameters();
// In the case of the \doxygen{AffineTransform}, there is a straightforward
// interpretation of the parameters. The last two elements of the array
// corresponds to a translation along one spatial dimension.
//
const
double
TranslationAlongX = finalParameters[4];
const
double
TranslationAlongY = finalParameters[5];
// The optimizer can be queried for the actual number of iterations
// performed to reach convergence.
//
const
unsigned
int
numberOfIterations =
optimizer->GetOptimizer()->get_num_evaluations();
// The value of the image metric corresponding to the last set of
// parameters can be obtained with the \code{GetValue()} method of the
// optimizer. Since the AmoebaOptimizer does not yet support a call to
// GetValue(), we will simply re-evaluate the metric at the final
// parameters.
//
const
double
bestValue = metric->GetValue(finalParameters);
// Print out results
//
std::cout <<
"Result = "
<< std::endl;
std::cout <<
" Translation X = "
<< TranslationAlongX << std::endl;
std::cout <<
" Translation Y = "
<< TranslationAlongY << std::endl;
std::cout <<
" Iterations = "
<< numberOfIterations << std::endl;
std::cout <<
" Metric value = "
<< bestValue << std::endl;
// It is common, as the last step of a registration task, to use the
// resulting transform to map the moving image into the fixed image space.
// This is easily done with the \doxygen{ResampleImageFilter}. Please
// refer to Section~\ref{sec:ResampleImageFilter} for details on the use
// of this filter. First, a ResampleImageFilter type is instantiated
// using the image types. It is convenient to use the fixed image type as
// the output type since it is likely that the transformed moving image
// will be compared with the fixed image.
//
using
ResampleFilterType =
itk::ResampleImageFilter<MovingImageType, FixedImageType>
;
// A transform of the same type used in the registration process should be
// created and initialized with the parameters resulting from the
// registration process.
//
// \index{itk::ImageRegistrationMethod!Resampling image}
//
auto
finalTransform =
TransformType::New
();
finalTransform->SetParameters(finalParameters);
finalTransform->SetFixedParameters(transform->GetFixedParameters());
std::cout <<
"Final Transform "
<< std::endl;
finalTransform->Print(std::cout);
// Then a resampling filter is created and the corresponding transform and
// moving image connected as inputs.
//
auto
resample =
ResampleFilterType::New
();
resample->SetTransform(finalTransform);
resample->SetInput(movingImageReader->GetOutput());
// As described in Section \ref{sec:ResampleImageFilter}, the
// ResampleImageFilter requires additional parameters to be
// specified, in particular, the spacing, origin and size of the output
// image. The default pixel value is also set to the standard label
// for "unknown" or background. Finally, we need to set the
// interpolator to be the same type of interpolator as the
// registration method used (nearest neighbor).
//
const
FixedImageType::Pointer
fixedImage = fixedImageReader->GetOutput();
resample->SetSize(fixedImage->GetLargestPossibleRegion().GetSize());
resample->SetOutputOrigin(fixedImage->GetOrigin());
resample->SetOutputSpacing(fixedImage->GetSpacing());
resample->SetOutputDirection(fixedImage->GetDirection());
resample->SetDefaultPixelValue(0);
resample->SetInterpolator(interpolator);
// The output of the filter is passed to a writer that will store the
// image in a file. An \doxygen{CastImageFilter} is used to convert the
// pixel type of the resampled image to the final type used by the
// writer. The cast and writer filters are instantiated below.
//
using
OutputPixelType =
unsigned
short;
using
OutputImageType =
itk::Image<OutputPixelType, Dimension>
;
using
CastFilterType =
itk::CastImageFilter<FixedImageType, OutputImageType>
;
using
WriterType =
itk::ImageFileWriter<OutputImageType>
;
// The filters are created by invoking their \code{New()}
// method.
//
auto
writer =
WriterType::New
();
auto
caster =
CastFilterType::New
();
writer->SetFileName(argv[3]);
// The \code{Update()} method of the writer is invoked in order to trigger
// the execution of the pipeline.
//
caster->SetInput(resample->GetOutput());
writer->SetInput(caster->GetOutput());
writer->Update();
//
// The fixed image and the transformed moving image can easily be compared
// using the \code{SquaredDifferenceImageFilter}. This pixel-wise
// filter computes the squared value of the difference between homologous
// pixels of its input images.
//
using
DifferenceFilterType =
itk::SquaredDifferenceImageFilter
<FixedImageType,
FixedImageType,
OutputImageType>;
auto
difference =
DifferenceFilterType::New
();
difference->SetInput1(fixedImageReader->GetOutput());
difference->SetInput2(resample->GetOutput());
// Its output can be passed to another writer.
//
auto
writer2 =
WriterType::New
();
writer2->SetInput(difference->GetOutput());
if
(argc > 4)
{
writer2->SetFileName(argv[4]);
writer2->Update();
}
return
EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
Pointer
SmartPointer< Self > Pointer
Definition:
itkAddImageFilter.h:93
itk::CastImageFilter
Casts input pixels to output pixel type.
Definition:
itkCastImageFilter.h:100
itk::SquaredDifferenceImageFilter
Implements pixel-wise the computation of squared difference.
Definition:
itkSquaredDifferenceImageFilter.h:82
itk::FileOutputWindow::New
static Pointer New()
itkCenteredTransformInitializer.h
itkImageFileReader.h
itk::ImageRegistrationMethod
Base class for Image Registration Methods.
Definition:
itkImageRegistrationMethod.h:70
itk::SmartPointer< Self >
itkCastImageFilter.h
itkAffineTransform.h
itk::AffineTransform
Definition:
itkAffineTransform.h:101
itkAmoebaOptimizer.h
itk::ImageFileReader
Data source that reads image data from a single file.
Definition:
itkImageFileReader.h:75
itk::Command
Superclass for callback/observer methods.
Definition:
itkCommand.h:45
itk::MatchCardinalityImageToImageMetric
Computes similarity between two objects to be registered.
Definition:
itkMatchCardinalityImageToImageMetric.h:67
itk::ImageFileWriter
Writes image data to a single file.
Definition:
itkImageFileWriter.h:90
itk::Command
class ITK_FORWARD_EXPORT Command
Definition:
itkObject.h:42
itkFileOutputWindow.h
itkImageRegistrationMethod.h
itk::Command::Execute
virtual void Execute(Object *caller, const EventObject &event)=0
itkNearestNeighborInterpolateImageFunction.h
itkImageFileWriter.h
itk::ExceptionObject
Standard exception handling object.
Definition:
itkExceptionObject.h:50
itk::AmoebaOptimizer
Wrap of the vnl_amoeba algorithm.
Definition:
itkAmoebaOptimizer.h:67
itkSquaredDifferenceImageFilter.h
itkMatchCardinalityImageToImageMetric.h
itk::ResampleImageFilter
Resample an image via a coordinate transform.
Definition:
itkResampleImageFilter.h:90
itk::Object
Base class for most ITK classes.
Definition:
itkObject.h:61
itk::Math::e
static constexpr double e
Definition:
itkMath.h:56
itk::Image
Templated n-dimensional image class.
Definition:
itkImage.h:88
itk::EventObject
Abstraction of the Events used to communicating among filters and with GUIs.
Definition:
itkEventObject.h:58
New
static Pointer New()
AddImageFilter
Definition:
itkAddImageFilter.h:81
itk::NearestNeighborInterpolateImageFunction
Nearest neighbor interpolation of a scalar image.
Definition:
itkNearestNeighborInterpolateImageFunction.h:39
itkResampleImageFilter.h
itk::GTest::TypedefsAndConstructors::Dimension2::Dimension
constexpr unsigned int Dimension
Definition:
itkGTestTypedefsAndConstructors.h:44
itkCommand.h
Superclass
BinaryGeneratorImageFilter< TInputImage1, TInputImage2, TOutputImage > Superclass
Definition:
itkAddImageFilter.h:90
itk::CenteredTransformInitializer
CenteredTransformInitializer is a helper class intended to initialize the center of rotation and the ...
Definition:
itkCenteredTransformInitializer.h:61
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