itkMath.h

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/*=========================================================================
 *
 *  Copyright Insight Software Consortium
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 *=========================================================================*/
/*=========================================================================
 *
 *  Portions of this file are subject to the VTK Toolkit Version 3 copyright.
 *
 *  Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
 *
 *  For complete copyright, license and disclaimer of warranty information
 *  please refer to the NOTICE file at the top of the ITK source tree.
 *
 *=========================================================================*/
#ifndef itkMath_h
#define itkMath_h

#include "itkIntTypes.h"
#include "itkMathDetail.h"
#include "itkConceptChecking.h"

namespace itk
{
namespace Math
{
// These constants originate from VXL's vnl_math.h. They have been
// moved here to improve visibility, and to ensure that the constants
// are available during compile time ( as opposed to static const
// member vaiables ).

static const double e                = 2.7182818284590452354;
static const double log2e            = 1.4426950408889634074;
static const double log10e           = 0.43429448190325182765;
static const double ln2              = 0.69314718055994530942;
static const double ln10             = 2.30258509299404568402;
static const double pi               = 3.14159265358979323846;
static const double pi_over_2        = 1.57079632679489661923;
static const double pi_over_4        = 0.78539816339744830962;
static const double one_over_pi      = 0.31830988618379067154;
static const double two_over_pi      = 0.63661977236758134308;
static const double two_over_sqrtpi  = 1.12837916709551257390;
static const double one_over_sqrt2pi = 0.39894228040143267794;
static const double sqrt2            = 1.41421356237309504880;
static const double sqrt1_2          = 0.70710678118654752440;

#define itkTemplateFloatingToIntegerMacro(name)                                     \
  template< typename TReturn, typename TInput >                                     \
  inline TReturn name(TInput x)                                                     \
    {                                                                               \
                                                                                    \
    if ( sizeof( TReturn ) <= 4 )                                                   \
      {                                                                             \
      return static_cast< TReturn >( Detail::name##_32(x) );                      \
      }                                                                             \
    else if ( sizeof( TReturn ) <= 8 )                                              \
      {                                                                             \
      return static_cast< TReturn >( Detail::name##_64(x) );                      \
      }                                                                             \
    else                                                                            \
      {                                                                             \
      return static_cast< TReturn >( Detail::name##_base< TReturn, TInput >(x) ); \
      }                                                                             \
    }


itkTemplateFloatingToIntegerMacro(RoundHalfIntegerToEven);

itkTemplateFloatingToIntegerMacro(RoundHalfIntegerUp);

template< typename TReturn, typename TInput >
inline TReturn Round(TInput x) { return RoundHalfIntegerUp< TReturn, TInput >(x); }

itkTemplateFloatingToIntegerMacro(Floor);

itkTemplateFloatingToIntegerMacro(Ceil);

#undef  itkTemplateFloatingToIntegerMacro

template< typename TReturn, typename TInput >
inline TReturn CastWithRangeCheck(TInput x)
{
#ifdef ITK_USE_CONCEPT_CHECKING
  itkConceptMacro( OnlyDefinedForIntegerTypes1, ( itk::Concept::IsInteger< TReturn > ) );
  itkConceptMacro( OnlyDefinedForIntegerTypes2, ( itk::Concept::IsInteger< TInput > ) );
#endif // ITK_USE_CONCEPT_CHECKING

  TReturn ret = static_cast< TReturn >( x );
  if ( sizeof( TReturn ) > sizeof( TInput )
       && !( !itk::NumericTraits< TReturn >::is_signed &&  itk::NumericTraits< TInput >::is_signed ) )
    {
    // if the output type is bigger and we are not converting a signed
    // integer to an unsigned integer then we have no problems
    return ret;
    }
  else if ( sizeof( TReturn ) >= sizeof( TInput ) )
    {
    if ( itk::NumericTraits< TInput >::IsPositive(x) != itk::NumericTraits< TReturn >::IsPositive(ret) )
      {
      itk::RangeError _e(__FILE__, __LINE__);
      throw _e;
      }
    }
  else if ( static_cast< TInput >( ret ) != x
            || ( itk::NumericTraits< TInput >::IsPositive(x) != itk::NumericTraits< TReturn >::IsPositive(ret) ) )
    {
    itk::RangeError _e(__FILE__, __LINE__);
    throw _e;
    }
  return ret;
}

template <typename T>
inline typename Detail::FloatIEEE<T>::IntType
FloatDifferenceULP( T x1, T x2 )
{
  Detail::FloatIEEE<T> x1f(x1);
  Detail::FloatIEEE<T> x2f(x2);
  return x1f.AsULP() - x2f.AsULP();
}

template <typename T>
inline bool
FloatAlmostEqual( T x1, T x2,
  typename Detail::FloatIEEE<T>::IntType maxUlps = 4,
  typename Detail::FloatIEEE<T>::FloatType maxAbsoluteDifference = 0.1*NumericTraits<T>::epsilon() )
{
  // Check if the numbers are really close -- needed
  // when comparing numbers near zero.
  const T absDifference = std::abs(x1 - x2);
  if ( absDifference <= maxAbsoluteDifference )
    {
    return true;
    }

  typename Detail::FloatIEEE<T>::IntType
    ulps = FloatDifferenceULP(x1, x2);
  if(ulps < 0)
    {
    ulps = -ulps;
    }
  return ulps <= maxUlps;
}

ITKCommon_EXPORT bool IsPrime( unsigned short n );
ITKCommon_EXPORT bool IsPrime( unsigned int n );
ITKCommon_EXPORT bool IsPrime( unsigned long n );
ITKCommon_EXPORT bool IsPrime( unsigned long long n );


ITKCommon_EXPORT unsigned short     GreatestPrimeFactor( unsigned short n );
ITKCommon_EXPORT unsigned int       GreatestPrimeFactor( unsigned int n );
ITKCommon_EXPORT unsigned long      GreatestPrimeFactor( unsigned long n );
ITKCommon_EXPORT unsigned long long GreatestPrimeFactor( unsigned long long n );

} // end namespace Math
} // end namespace itk
#endif // end of itkMath.h